The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a judgment on 1 August 2025 concerning whether relief from the Italian regional tax on productive activities (IRAP) should be provided under the EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive (Directive 2011/96). The case involves Banca Mediolanum SpA, an Italian bank, which received dividends from its subsidiaries in Ireland, Luxembourg, and Spain in 2…